Council Decision of 16 September 2025 replacing an alternate member of the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work for Portugal

January 13, 2026
Official Journalof the European Union ENC series
C/2025/5126 22.9.2025
(1) By Decision of 5 March 2025(2), the Council appointed full members and alternate members of the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work for the period from 6 March 2025 to 5 March 2028.
(2) A seat as alternate member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Ms Lucília DUARTE.
(3) Portugal has submitted a candidate for the vacant seat,
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Decision of 22 July 2003 setting up an Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work(1), and in particular Article 3 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 5 March 2025(2), the Council appointed full members and alternate members of the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work for the period from 6 March 2025 to 5 March 2028.
(2) A seat as alternate member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Ms Lucília DUARTE.
(3) Portugal has submitted a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1
Mr Carlos NUNES is appointed alternate member of the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work in place of Ms Lucília DUARTE for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 5 March 2028.

Article 2
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Decision of 22 July 2003 setting up an Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work(1), and in particular Article 3 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 5 March 2025(2), the Council appointed full members and alternate members of the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work for the period from 6 March 2025 to 5 March 2028.
(2) A seat as alternate member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Ms Lucília DUARTE.
(3) Portugal has submitted a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Mr Carlos NUNES is appointed alternate member of the Advisory Committee on Safety and Health at Work in place of Ms Lucília DUARTE for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 5 March 2028.
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

Council Decision of 16 September 2025 replacing a member of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for Bulgaria

January 13, 2026
Official Journalof the European Union ENC series
C/2025/5127 22.9.2025
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as member in the representatives of employers’ organisations category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Mr Georgi STOEV.
(3) The employers’ organisation BusinessEurope has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EU) 2019/126 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 establishing the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2062/94(1), and in particular Article 4 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as member in the representatives of employers’ organisations category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Mr Georgi STOEV.
(3) The employers’ organisation BusinessEurope has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1
Mr Boril TASHEV is appointed member of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work in place of Mr Georgi STOEV for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 31 March 2027.

Article 2
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EU) 2019/126 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 establishing the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2062/94(1), and in particular Article 4 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as member in the representatives of employers’ organisations category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Mr Georgi STOEV.
(3) The employers’ organisation BusinessEurope has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Mr Boril TASHEV is appointed member of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work in place of Mr Georgi STOEV for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 31 March 2027.
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

Council Decision of 16 September 2025 replacing a member of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for Portugal

January 13, 2026
Official Journalof the European Union ENC series
C/2025/5125 22.9.2025
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Mr Nelson FERREIRA.
(3) The government of Portugal has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EU) 2019/126 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 establishing the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2062/94(1), and in particular Article 4 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Mr Nelson FERREIRA.
(3) The government of Portugal has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1
Mr Carlos NUNES is appointed member of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work in place of Mr Nelson FERREIRA for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 31 March 2027.

Article 2
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EU) 2019/126 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 establishing the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2062/94(1), and in particular Article 4 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Mr Nelson FERREIRA.
(3) The government of Portugal has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Mr Carlos NUNES is appointed member of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work in place of Mr Nelson FERREIRA for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 31 March 2027.
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

Council Decision of 16 September 2025 replacing an alternate member of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for Slovakia

January 13, 2026
Official Journalof the European Union ENC series
C/2025/5124 22.9.2025
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as alternate member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Mr Adam ŠULÍK.
(3) The Government of Slovakia has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EU) 2019/126 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 establishing the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2062/94(1), and in particular Article 4 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as alternate member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Mr Adam ŠULÍK.
(3) The Government of Slovakia has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1
Mr Marián LIZANEC is appointed alternate member of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work in place of Mr Adam ŠULÍK for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 31 March 2027.

Article 2
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EU) 2019/126 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 establishing the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2062/94(1), and in particular Article 4 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as alternate member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Mr Adam ŠULÍK.
(3) The Government of Slovakia has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Mr Marián LIZANEC is appointed alternate member of the Management Board of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work in place of Mr Adam ŠULÍK for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 31 March 2027.
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

Council Decision of 16 September 2025 replacing a member of the Management Board of the European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions for the Netherlands

January 13, 2026
Official Journalof the European Union ENC series
C/2025/5123 22.9.2025
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as member in the representatives of employers’ organisations category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Ms Guusje DOLSMA.
(3) The employers’ organisation BusinessEurope has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EU) 2019/127 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 establishing the European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions (Eurofound), and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 1365/75(1), and in particular Article 4 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as member in the representatives of employers’ organisations category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Ms Guusje DOLSMA.
(3) The employers’ organisation BusinessEurope has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1
Mr Jurre DE HAAN is appointed member of the Management Board of the European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions in place of Ms Guusje DOLSMA for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 31 March 2027.

Article 2
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EU) 2019/127 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 establishing the European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions (Eurofound), and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 1365/75(1), and in particular Article 4 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 28 March 2023(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Management Board of the European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions for the period from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2027.
(2) A seat as member in the representatives of employers’ organisations category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Ms Guusje DOLSMA.
(3) The employers’ organisation BusinessEurope has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Mr Jurre DE HAAN is appointed member of the Management Board of the European Foundation for the improvement of living and working conditions in place of Ms Guusje DOLSMA for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 31 March 2027.
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

Council Decision of 16 September 2025 replacing a member of the Advisory Committee on freedom of movement for workers for Finland

January 13, 2026
Official Journalof the European Union ENC series
C/2025/5120 18.9.2025
(1) By Decision of 23 September 2024(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Advisory Committee on freedom of movement for workers for the period from 25 September 2024 to 24 September 2026.
(2) A seat as member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Ms Laura PERHEENTUPA.
(3) Finland has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EU) No 492/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on freedom of movement for workers within the Union(1), and in particular Articles 23 and 24 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 23 September 2024(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Advisory Committee on freedom of movement for workers for the period from 25 September 2024 to 24 September 2026.
(2) A seat as member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Ms Laura PERHEENTUPA.
(3) Finland has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1
Ms Tuulia MUURONEN is appointed member of the Advisory Committee on freedom of movement for workers in place of Ms Laura PERHEENTUPA for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 24 September 2026.

Article 2
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EU) No 492/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on freedom of movement for workers within the Union(1), and in particular Articles 23 and 24 thereof,
(1) By Decision of 23 September 2024(2), the Council appointed members and alternate members of the Advisory Committee on freedom of movement for workers for the period from 25 September 2024 to 24 September 2026.
(2) A seat as member in the government representatives category has fallen vacant as a result of the resignation of Ms Laura PERHEENTUPA.
(3) Finland has designated a candidate for the vacant seat,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Ms Tuulia MUURONEN is appointed member of the Advisory Committee on freedom of movement for workers in place of Ms Laura PERHEENTUPA for the remainder of the current term of office, ending on 24 September 2026.
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2025/510 of 17 March 2025 implementing Decision 2010/788/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

January 13, 2026
Official Journalof the European Union ENL series
2025/510 17.3.2025
(1) On 20 December 2010, the Council adopted Decision 2010/788/CFSP.
(2) On 12 December 2016, the Council adopted Decision (CFSP) 2016/2231(2)in response to the obstruction of the electoral process and the related human rights violations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Decision (CFSP) 2016/2231 amended Decision 2010/788/CFSP and introduced additional restrictive measures.
(3) On 25 January 2025, the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy issued a statement on behalf of the Union expressing its deep concern at the latest escalation of the conflict in eastern DRC, as aggravated by the renewed offensive of the M23 armed group supported by the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF).
(4) The RDF’s unauthorised presence in the DRC constitutes a violation of that country’s territorial integrity and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region.
(5) Revenues from the illegal extraction and trafficking of natural resources from eastern DRC are being used to fund, inter alia, the M23 armed group and its operations, and are thereby contributing to the escalation of the conflict.
(6) In view of the gravity of the situation in the DRC, nine persons and one entity should be added to the list of natural or legal persons, entities and bodies set out in Annex II to Decision 2010/788/CFSP.
(7) Decision 2010/788/CFSP should therefore be amended accordingly,
(1) the following persons are added to Section A (‘Persons’):NameIdentifying informationReasonsDate of listing‘36.Bertrand BISIMWAFunction/rank: Leader (President) of the political branch of the “Mouvement du 23 mars” (M23)DOB: 8.9.1972POB: Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the CongoNationality: CongoleseGender: maleBertrand Bisimwa holds a leading position as President of the March 23 Movement (M23), a nongovernmental armed movement.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Bertrand Bisimwa is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.17.3.202537.Ruki KARUSISIa.k.a. RockyFunction/rank: Major-GeneralCommander of the Special Force Command of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)DOB: 6.5.1974Gender: maleNationality: RwandanRDF Service number: 2357Major-General Ruki Karusisi is the commander of the Special forces of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), deployed in eastern DRC.The RDF presence in the DRC has as its objective reinforcing the operations of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC), a nongovernmental armed group operating in eastern DRC, by providing troops and materiel.The RDF presence constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. It is also responsible for serious human rights abuses, including collective punishment, and sustains serious human rights abuses committed by members of M23.Owing to his commanding role within the Special Force Command of the RDF deployed in Eastern DRC, Ruki Karusisi is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. He is also responsible for providing support to entities sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.17.3.202538.Désiré RUKOMERAFunction/rank: Head of recruitment and propaganda of the March 23 Movement (M23)Gender: maleNationality: RwandanDésiré Rukomera holds a leading position as head of recruitment and propaganda for the March 23 Movement (M23), a non-governmental armed movement, since January 2024.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Désiré Rukomera is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.17.3.202539.John Imani NZENZEa.k.a. Mike BravoFunction/rank: “Colonel” and “G2” intelligence chief of the M23 armed group (M23)DOB: 6.8.1978POB: Kakwende (South Kivu)Gender: maleNationality: CongoleseJohn Imani Nzenze holds a leading position as Colonel of the March 23 Movement (M23), a non-governmental armed movement.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, John Imani Nzenze is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.17.3.202540.Eugene NKUBITOFunction/rank: Commander 3rd division (Major General) of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)Gender: maleNationality: RwandanRDF Service number: 218Major-General Eugène Nkubito holds a leading position as Commander of the 3rd Division of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), deployed in eastern DRC and more specifically in the North Kivu province. He has been in this position since August 2022.The RDF presence in the DRC has as its objective reinforcing the operations of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC), a non-governmental armed group operating in Eastern DRC by providing troops and materiel.The RDF presence constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. It is also responsible for serious human rights abuses, including collective punishment, and sustains serious human rights abuses committed by members of M23.Owing to his commanding role within the 3rd Division of the RDF deployed in eastern DRC, Eugène Nkubito is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region.17.3.202541.Pascal MUHIZIFunction/rank: Commander 2nd Division (Brigadier General) of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)Nationality: RwandanGender: maleAssociated entities: Rwanda Defence Force (RDF); March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC)RDF Service number: 451Pascal Muhizi is Brigadier-General of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) since June 2021 and is the Commander of the 2nd Division of the RDF, deployed in Eastern DRC since August 2023.The RDF presence in the DRC constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC).Owing to his leading position within the 2nd Division of the RDF present in the DRC, Brigadier-General Pascal Muhizi is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.17.3.202542.Jean-Bosco NZABONIMPA MUPENZIFunction/rank: Deputy Head of the Finance and production department of the M23POB: Rubaya, Masisi, North KivuNationality: CongoleseGender: maleAssociated entities: March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC)Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi is the Deputy Chief of Finances and Production of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC) operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), more specifically in the North Kivu province, since January 2024.The M23 is a rebel armed group responsible for the current armed conflict. It also sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the M23, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as child recruitment.Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi provides support to the M23 armed group, in particular by ensuring the management of the M23 Finances and Production department, as well as taking part in the training of new recruits.Owing to his leading position within the M23, Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.17.3.202543.Francis KAMANZIFunction/rank: Chief Executive Officer of Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB)Nationality: RwandanGender: maleFrancis Kamanzi holds a leading position as Chief Executive Officer of Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB) since February 2024.Minerals continue to be exploited in mining areas controlled by the March 23 Movement (M23) and trafficked to Rwanda for the benefit of both the Alliance Fleuve Congo/M23 and the Rwandan economy, where these conflict minerals are mixed with Rwandan production.Owing to his leading position in the RMB, Francis Kamanzi is responsible for exploiting the armed conflict, instability or insecurity in the DRC, including through the illicit exploitation or trading of natural resources.17.3.202544.Joseph MUSANGA BAHATIa.k.a.“Erasto”; “Bahati Erasto”; “Colonel Erasto”; “Colonel Bahati Musanga”Function/rank: Governor of North-KivuDOB: 18.8.1978POB: Bashali-Mokoto (Busumba)Nationality: CongoleseGender: maleAssociated entities: March 23 Movement/Alliance Fleuve Congo (M23/AFC)Joseph Bahati Musanga is a senior figure in the structure of the March 23 Movement (M23) rebel group and within the Alliance Fleuve Congo. He has held the position of Chief of Finance of the M23 for several years.In January 2024, he was appointed governor of North Kivu within the new illegal “administration” imposed by the M23 in violation of Congolese sovereignty.The deployment of a parallel administration in the DRC constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC. It also sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the M23.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Joseph Bahati Musanga is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.17.3.2025’; Name Identifying information Reasons Date of listing ‘36. Bertrand BISIMWA Function/rank: Leader (President) of the political branch of the “Mouvement du 23 mars” (M23)DOB: 8.9.1972POB: Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the CongoNationality: CongoleseGender: male Bertrand Bisimwa holds a leading position as President of the March 23 Movement (M23), a nongovernmental armed movement.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Bertrand Bisimwa is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025 37. Ruki KARUSISI a.k.a. RockyFunction/rank: Major-GeneralCommander of the Special Force Command of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)DOB: 6.5.1974Gender: maleNationality: RwandanRDF Service number: 2357 Major-General Ruki Karusisi is the commander of the Special forces of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), deployed in eastern DRC.The RDF presence in the DRC has as its objective reinforcing the operations of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC), a nongovernmental armed group operating in eastern DRC, by providing troops and materiel.The RDF presence constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. It is also responsible for serious human rights abuses, including collective punishment, and sustains serious human rights abuses committed by members of M23.Owing to his commanding role within the Special Force Command of the RDF deployed in Eastern DRC, Ruki Karusisi is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. He is also responsible for providing support to entities sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025 38. Désiré RUKOMERA Function/rank: Head of recruitment and propaganda of the March 23 Movement (M23)Gender: maleNationality: Rwandan Désiré Rukomera holds a leading position as head of recruitment and propaganda for the March 23 Movement (M23), a non-governmental armed movement, since January 2024.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Désiré Rukomera is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025 39. John Imani NZENZE a.k.a. Mike BravoFunction/rank: “Colonel” and “G2” intelligence chief of the M23 armed group (M23)DOB: 6.8.1978POB: Kakwende (South Kivu)Gender: maleNationality: Congolese John Imani Nzenze holds a leading position as Colonel of the March 23 Movement (M23), a non-governmental armed movement.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, John Imani Nzenze is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025 40. Eugene NKUBITO Function/rank: Commander 3rd division (Major General) of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)Gender: maleNationality: RwandanRDF Service number: 218 Major-General Eugène Nkubito holds a leading position as Commander of the 3rd Division of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), deployed in eastern DRC and more specifically in the North Kivu province. He has been in this position since August 2022.The RDF presence in the DRC has as its objective reinforcing the operations of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC), a non-governmental armed group operating in Eastern DRC by providing troops and materiel.The RDF presence constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. It is also responsible for serious human rights abuses, including collective punishment, and sustains serious human rights abuses committed by members of M23.Owing to his commanding role within the 3rd Division of the RDF deployed in eastern DRC, Eugène Nkubito is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. 17.3.2025 41. Pascal MUHIZI Function/rank: Commander 2nd Division (Brigadier General) of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)Nationality: RwandanGender: maleAssociated entities: Rwanda Defence Force (RDF); March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC)RDF Service number: 451 Pascal Muhizi is Brigadier-General of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) since June 2021 and is the Commander of the 2nd Division of the RDF, deployed in Eastern DRC since August 2023.The RDF presence in the DRC constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC).Owing to his leading position within the 2nd Division of the RDF present in the DRC, Brigadier-General Pascal Muhizi is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025 42. Jean-Bosco NZABONIMPA MUPENZI Function/rank: Deputy Head of the Finance and production department of the M23POB: Rubaya, Masisi, North KivuNationality: CongoleseGender: maleAssociated entities: March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC) Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi is the Deputy Chief of Finances and Production of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC) operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), more specifically in the North Kivu province, since January 2024.The M23 is a rebel armed group responsible for the current armed conflict. It also sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the M23, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as child recruitment.Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi provides support to the M23 armed group, in particular by ensuring the management of the M23 Finances and Production department, as well as taking part in the training of new recruits.Owing to his leading position within the M23, Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025 43. Francis KAMANZI Function/rank: Chief Executive Officer of Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB)Nationality: RwandanGender: male Francis Kamanzi holds a leading position as Chief Executive Officer of Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB) since February 2024.Minerals continue to be exploited in mining areas controlled by the March 23 Movement (M23) and trafficked to Rwanda for the benefit of both the Alliance Fleuve Congo/M23 and the Rwandan economy, where these conflict minerals are mixed with Rwandan production.Owing to his leading position in the RMB, Francis Kamanzi is responsible for exploiting the armed conflict, instability or insecurity in the DRC, including through the illicit exploitation or trading of natural resources. 17.3.2025 44. Joseph MUSANGA BAHATI a.k.a.“Erasto”; “Bahati Erasto”; “Colonel Erasto”; “Colonel Bahati Musanga”Function/rank: Governor of North-KivuDOB: 18.8.1978POB: Bashali-Mokoto (Busumba)Nationality: CongoleseGender: maleAssociated entities: March 23 Movement/Alliance Fleuve Congo (M23/AFC) Joseph Bahati Musanga is a senior figure in the structure of the March 23 Movement (M23) rebel group and within the Alliance Fleuve Congo. He has held the position of Chief of Finance of the M23 for several years.In January 2024, he was appointed governor of North Kivu within the new illegal “administration” imposed by the M23 in violation of Congolese sovereignty.The deployment of a parallel administration in the DRC constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC. It also sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the M23.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Joseph Bahati Musanga is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025’;
Name Identifying information Reasons Date of listing
‘36. Bertrand BISIMWA Function/rank: Leader (President) of the political branch of the “Mouvement du 23 mars” (M23)DOB: 8.9.1972POB: Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the CongoNationality: CongoleseGender: male Bertrand Bisimwa holds a leading position as President of the March 23 Movement (M23), a nongovernmental armed movement.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Bertrand Bisimwa is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
37. Ruki KARUSISI a.k.a. RockyFunction/rank: Major-GeneralCommander of the Special Force Command of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)DOB: 6.5.1974Gender: maleNationality: RwandanRDF Service number: 2357 Major-General Ruki Karusisi is the commander of the Special forces of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), deployed in eastern DRC.The RDF presence in the DRC has as its objective reinforcing the operations of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC), a nongovernmental armed group operating in eastern DRC, by providing troops and materiel.The RDF presence constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. It is also responsible for serious human rights abuses, including collective punishment, and sustains serious human rights abuses committed by members of M23.Owing to his commanding role within the Special Force Command of the RDF deployed in Eastern DRC, Ruki Karusisi is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. He is also responsible for providing support to entities sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
38. Désiré RUKOMERA Function/rank: Head of recruitment and propaganda of the March 23 Movement (M23)Gender: maleNationality: Rwandan Désiré Rukomera holds a leading position as head of recruitment and propaganda for the March 23 Movement (M23), a non-governmental armed movement, since January 2024.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Désiré Rukomera is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
39. John Imani NZENZE a.k.a. Mike BravoFunction/rank: “Colonel” and “G2” intelligence chief of the M23 armed group (M23)DOB: 6.8.1978POB: Kakwende (South Kivu)Gender: maleNationality: Congolese John Imani Nzenze holds a leading position as Colonel of the March 23 Movement (M23), a non-governmental armed movement.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, John Imani Nzenze is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
40. Eugene NKUBITO Function/rank: Commander 3rd division (Major General) of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)Gender: maleNationality: RwandanRDF Service number: 218 Major-General Eugène Nkubito holds a leading position as Commander of the 3rd Division of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), deployed in eastern DRC and more specifically in the North Kivu province. He has been in this position since August 2022.The RDF presence in the DRC has as its objective reinforcing the operations of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC), a non-governmental armed group operating in Eastern DRC by providing troops and materiel.The RDF presence constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. It is also responsible for serious human rights abuses, including collective punishment, and sustains serious human rights abuses committed by members of M23.Owing to his commanding role within the 3rd Division of the RDF deployed in eastern DRC, Eugène Nkubito is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. 17.3.2025
41. Pascal MUHIZI Function/rank: Commander 2nd Division (Brigadier General) of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)Nationality: RwandanGender: maleAssociated entities: Rwanda Defence Force (RDF); March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC)RDF Service number: 451 Pascal Muhizi is Brigadier-General of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) since June 2021 and is the Commander of the 2nd Division of the RDF, deployed in Eastern DRC since August 2023.The RDF presence in the DRC constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC).Owing to his leading position within the 2nd Division of the RDF present in the DRC, Brigadier-General Pascal Muhizi is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
42. Jean-Bosco NZABONIMPA MUPENZI Function/rank: Deputy Head of the Finance and production department of the M23POB: Rubaya, Masisi, North KivuNationality: CongoleseGender: maleAssociated entities: March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC) Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi is the Deputy Chief of Finances and Production of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC) operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), more specifically in the North Kivu province, since January 2024.The M23 is a rebel armed group responsible for the current armed conflict. It also sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the M23, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as child recruitment.Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi provides support to the M23 armed group, in particular by ensuring the management of the M23 Finances and Production department, as well as taking part in the training of new recruits.Owing to his leading position within the M23, Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
43. Francis KAMANZI Function/rank: Chief Executive Officer of Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB)Nationality: RwandanGender: male Francis Kamanzi holds a leading position as Chief Executive Officer of Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB) since February 2024.Minerals continue to be exploited in mining areas controlled by the March 23 Movement (M23) and trafficked to Rwanda for the benefit of both the Alliance Fleuve Congo/M23 and the Rwandan economy, where these conflict minerals are mixed with Rwandan production.Owing to his leading position in the RMB, Francis Kamanzi is responsible for exploiting the armed conflict, instability or insecurity in the DRC, including through the illicit exploitation or trading of natural resources. 17.3.2025
44. Joseph MUSANGA BAHATI a.k.a.“Erasto”; “Bahati Erasto”; “Colonel Erasto”; “Colonel Bahati Musanga”Function/rank: Governor of North-KivuDOB: 18.8.1978POB: Bashali-Mokoto (Busumba)Nationality: CongoleseGender: maleAssociated entities: March 23 Movement/Alliance Fleuve Congo (M23/AFC) Joseph Bahati Musanga is a senior figure in the structure of the March 23 Movement (M23) rebel group and within the Alliance Fleuve Congo. He has held the position of Chief of Finance of the M23 for several years.In January 2024, he was appointed governor of North Kivu within the new illegal “administration” imposed by the M23 in violation of Congolese sovereignty.The deployment of a parallel administration in the DRC constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC. It also sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the M23.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Joseph Bahati Musanga is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025’;
Name Identifying information Reasons Date of listing
‘36. Bertrand BISIMWA Function/rank: Leader (President) of the political branch of the “Mouvement du 23 mars” (M23)DOB: 8.9.1972POB: Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the CongoNationality: CongoleseGender: male Bertrand Bisimwa holds a leading position as President of the March 23 Movement (M23), a nongovernmental armed movement.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Bertrand Bisimwa is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
37. Ruki KARUSISI a.k.a. RockyFunction/rank: Major-GeneralCommander of the Special Force Command of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)DOB: 6.5.1974Gender: maleNationality: RwandanRDF Service number: 2357 Major-General Ruki Karusisi is the commander of the Special forces of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), deployed in eastern DRC.The RDF presence in the DRC has as its objective reinforcing the operations of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC), a nongovernmental armed group operating in eastern DRC, by providing troops and materiel.The RDF presence constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. It is also responsible for serious human rights abuses, including collective punishment, and sustains serious human rights abuses committed by members of M23.Owing to his commanding role within the Special Force Command of the RDF deployed in Eastern DRC, Ruki Karusisi is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. He is also responsible for providing support to entities sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
38. Désiré RUKOMERA Function/rank: Head of recruitment and propaganda of the March 23 Movement (M23)Gender: maleNationality: Rwandan Désiré Rukomera holds a leading position as head of recruitment and propaganda for the March 23 Movement (M23), a non-governmental armed movement, since January 2024.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Désiré Rukomera is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
39. John Imani NZENZE a.k.a. Mike BravoFunction/rank: “Colonel” and “G2” intelligence chief of the M23 armed group (M23)DOB: 6.8.1978POB: Kakwende (South Kivu)Gender: maleNationality: Congolese John Imani Nzenze holds a leading position as Colonel of the March 23 Movement (M23), a non-governmental armed movement.The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.Owing to his leading position in the M23, John Imani Nzenze is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
40. Eugene NKUBITO Function/rank: Commander 3rd division (Major General) of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)Gender: maleNationality: RwandanRDF Service number: 218 Major-General Eugène Nkubito holds a leading position as Commander of the 3rd Division of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), deployed in eastern DRC and more specifically in the North Kivu province. He has been in this position since August 2022.The RDF presence in the DRC has as its objective reinforcing the operations of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC), a non-governmental armed group operating in Eastern DRC by providing troops and materiel.The RDF presence constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. It is also responsible for serious human rights abuses, including collective punishment, and sustains serious human rights abuses committed by members of M23.Owing to his commanding role within the 3rd Division of the RDF deployed in eastern DRC, Eugène Nkubito is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. 17.3.2025
41. Pascal MUHIZI Function/rank: Commander 2nd Division (Brigadier General) of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)Nationality: RwandanGender: maleAssociated entities: Rwanda Defence Force (RDF); March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC)RDF Service number: 451 Pascal Muhizi is Brigadier-General of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) since June 2021 and is the Commander of the 2nd Division of the RDF, deployed in Eastern DRC since August 2023.The RDF presence in the DRC constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC).Owing to his leading position within the 2nd Division of the RDF present in the DRC, Brigadier-General Pascal Muhizi is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
42. Jean-Bosco NZABONIMPA MUPENZI Function/rank: Deputy Head of the Finance and production department of the M23POB: Rubaya, Masisi, North KivuNationality: CongoleseGender: maleAssociated entities: March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC) Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi is the Deputy Chief of Finances and Production of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC) operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), more specifically in the North Kivu province, since January 2024.The M23 is a rebel armed group responsible for the current armed conflict. It also sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the M23, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as child recruitment.Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi provides support to the M23 armed group, in particular by ensuring the management of the M23 Finances and Production department, as well as taking part in the training of new recruits.Owing to his leading position within the M23, Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025
43. Francis KAMANZI Function/rank: Chief Executive Officer of Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB)Nationality: RwandanGender: male Francis Kamanzi holds a leading position as Chief Executive Officer of Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB) since February 2024.Minerals continue to be exploited in mining areas controlled by the March 23 Movement (M23) and trafficked to Rwanda for the benefit of both the Alliance Fleuve Congo/M23 and the Rwandan economy, where these conflict minerals are mixed with Rwandan production.Owing to his leading position in the RMB, Francis Kamanzi is responsible for exploiting the armed conflict, instability or insecurity in the DRC, including through the illicit exploitation or trading of natural resources. 17.3.2025
44. Joseph MUSANGA BAHATI a.k.a.“Erasto”; “Bahati Erasto”; “Colonel Erasto”; “Colonel Bahati Musanga”Function/rank: Governor of North-KivuDOB: 18.8.1978POB: Bashali-Mokoto (Busumba)Nationality: CongoleseGender: maleAssociated entities: March 23 Movement/Alliance Fleuve Congo (M23/AFC) Joseph Bahati Musanga is a senior figure in the structure of the March 23 Movement (M23) rebel group and within the Alliance Fleuve Congo. He has held the position of Chief of Finance of the M23 for several years.In January 2024, he was appointed governor of North Kivu within the new illegal “administration” imposed by the M23 in violation of Congolese sovereignty.The deployment of a parallel administration in the DRC constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC. It also sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the M23.Owing to his leading position in the M23, Joseph Bahati Musanga is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC. 17.3.2025’;
(2) The following entity is added to Section B (‘Entities’):NameIdentifying informationReasonsDate of listing‘2.Gasabo Gold RefineryPlace of establishment: Kigali, RwandaThe Gasabo Gold Refinery, based in Kigali, began its refining activities on 1 June 2022 following the closure of Aldango Gold Refinery. The illegal extraction and trafficking of natural resources from eastern DRC, such as gold, contributes to the escalation of the conflict. The transit of gold through the only gold refinery in Rwanda, Gasabo Gold Refinery, contributes to the illicit export via Rwanda of illegally extracted gold. Hence, Gasabo Gold Refinery has been exploiting the armed conflict, instability or insecurity in the DRC, including through the illicit exploitation or trading of natural resources.17.3.2025’. Name Identifying information Reasons Date of listing ‘2. Gasabo Gold Refinery Place of establishment: Kigali, Rwanda The Gasabo Gold Refinery, based in Kigali, began its refining activities on 1 June 2022 following the closure of Aldango Gold Refinery. The illegal extraction and trafficking of natural resources from eastern DRC, such as gold, contributes to the escalation of the conflict. The transit of gold through the only gold refinery in Rwanda, Gasabo Gold Refinery, contributes to the illicit export via Rwanda of illegally extracted gold. Hence, Gasabo Gold Refinery has been exploiting the armed conflict, instability or insecurity in the DRC, including through the illicit exploitation or trading of natural resources. 17.3.2025’.
Name Identifying information Reasons Date of listing
‘2. Gasabo Gold Refinery Place of establishment: Kigali, Rwanda The Gasabo Gold Refinery, based in Kigali, began its refining activities on 1 June 2022 following the closure of Aldango Gold Refinery. The illegal extraction and trafficking of natural resources from eastern DRC, such as gold, contributes to the escalation of the conflict. The transit of gold through the only gold refinery in Rwanda, Gasabo Gold Refinery, contributes to the illicit export via Rwanda of illegally extracted gold. Hence, Gasabo Gold Refinery has been exploiting the armed conflict, instability or insecurity in the DRC, including through the illicit exploitation or trading of natural resources. 17.3.2025’.
Name Identifying information Reasons Date of listing
‘2. Gasabo Gold Refinery Place of establishment: Kigali, Rwanda The Gasabo Gold Refinery, based in Kigali, began its refining activities on 1 June 2022 following the closure of Aldango Gold Refinery. The illegal extraction and trafficking of natural resources from eastern DRC, such as gold, contributes to the escalation of the conflict. The transit of gold through the only gold refinery in Rwanda, Gasabo Gold Refinery, contributes to the illicit export via Rwanda of illegally extracted gold. Hence, Gasabo Gold Refinery has been exploiting the armed conflict, instability or insecurity in the DRC, including through the illicit exploitation or trading of natural resources. 17.3.2025’.
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in particular Article 31(2) thereof,
Having regard to Council Decision 2010/788/CFSP of 20 December 2010 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1), and in particular Article 6(2) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy,
Whereas:
(1) On 20 December 2010, the Council adopted Decision 2010/788/CFSP.
(2) On 12 December 2016, the Council adopted Decision (CFSP) 2016/2231 (2) in response to the obstruction of the electoral process and the related human rights violations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Decision (CFSP) 2016/2231 amended Decision 2010/788/CFSP and introduced additional restrictive measures.
(3) On 25 January 2025, the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy issued a statement on behalf of the Union expressing its deep concern at the latest escalation of the conflict in eastern DRC, as aggravated by the renewed offensive of the M23 armed group supported by the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF).
(4) The RDF’s unauthorised presence in the DRC constitutes a violation of that country’s territorial integrity and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region.
(5) Revenues from the illegal extraction and trafficking of natural resources from eastern DRC are being used to fund, inter alia, the M23 armed group and its operations, and are thereby contributing to the escalation of the conflict.
(6) In view of the gravity of the situation in the DRC, nine persons and one entity should be added to the list of natural or legal persons, entities and bodies set out in Annex II to Decision 2010/788/CFSP.
(7) Decision 2010/788/CFSP should therefore be amended accordingly,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Annex II to Decision 2010/788/CFSP is amended in accordance with the Annex to this Decision.
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

Annex II to Decision 2010/788/CFSP is amended as follows:

(1) the following persons are added to Section A (‘Persons’):

Name
Identifying information
Reasons
Date of listing
‘36. Bertrand BISIMWA
Function/rank: Leader (President) of the political branch of the “Mouvement du 23 mars” (M23)
DOB: 8.9.1972
POB: Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Nationality: Congolese
Gender: male
Bertrand Bisimwa holds a leading position as President of the March 23 Movement (M23), a nongovernmental armed movement.
The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.
Owing to his leading position in the M23, Bertrand Bisimwa is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.
17.3.2025 37. Ruki KARUSISI
a.k.a. Rocky
Function/rank: Major-General
Commander of the Special Force Command of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)
DOB: 6.5.1974
Gender: male
Nationality: Rwandan
RDF Service number: 2357
Major-General Ruki Karusisi is the commander of the Special forces of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), deployed in eastern DRC.
The RDF presence in the DRC has as its objective reinforcing the operations of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC), a nongovernmental armed group operating in eastern DRC, by providing troops and materiel.
The RDF presence constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. It is also responsible for serious human rights abuses, including collective punishment, and sustains serious human rights abuses committed by members of M23. Owing to his commanding role within the Special Force Command of the RDF deployed in Eastern DRC, Ruki Karusisi is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. He is also responsible for providing support to entities sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.
17.3.2025 38. Désiré RUKOMERA
Function/rank: Head of recruitment and propaganda of the March 23 Movement (M23)
Gender: male
Nationality: Rwandan
Désiré Rukomera holds a leading position as head of recruitment and propaganda for the March 23 Movement (M23), a non-governmental armed movement, since January 2024. The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.
Owing to his leading position in the M23, Désiré Rukomera is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.
17.3.2025 39. John Imani NZENZE
a.k.a. Mike Bravo
Function/rank: “Colonel” and “G2” intelligence chief of the M23 armed group (M23)
DOB: 6.8.1978
POB: Kakwende (South Kivu)
Gender: male
Nationality: Congolese
John Imani Nzenze holds a leading position as Colonel of the March 23 Movement (M23), a non-governmental armed movement.
The M23 sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC, in particular through inciting violence. In addition, it is responsible for serious human rights abuses, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as for child recruitment.
Owing to his leading position in the M23, John Imani Nzenze is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.
17.3.2025 40. Eugene NKUBITO
Function/rank: Commander 3rd division (Major General) of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)
Gender: male
Nationality: Rwandan
RDF Service number: 218
Major-General Eugène Nkubito holds a leading position as Commander of the 3rd Division of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), deployed in eastern DRC and more specifically in the North Kivu province. He has been in this position since August 2022. The RDF presence in the DRC has as its objective reinforcing the operations of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC), a non-governmental armed group operating in Eastern DRC by providing troops and materiel.
The RDF presence constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region. It is also responsible for serious human rights abuses, including collective punishment, and sustains serious human rights abuses committed by members of M23. Owing to his commanding role within the 3rd Division of the RDF deployed in eastern DRC, Eugène Nkubito is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region.
17.3.2025 41. Pascal MUHIZI
Function/rank: Commander 2nd Division (Brigadier General) of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF)
Nationality: Rwandan
Gender: male
Associated entities: Rwanda Defence Force (RDF); March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC)
RDF Service number: 451
Pascal Muhizi is Brigadier-General of the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) since June 2021 and is the Commander of the 2nd Division of the RDF, deployed in Eastern DRC since August 2023. The RDF presence in the DRC constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC and sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC).
Owing to his leading position within the 2nd Division of the RDF present in the DRC, Brigadier-General Pascal Muhizi is responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.
17.3.2025 42. Jean-Bosco NZABONIMPA MUPENZI
Function/rank: Deputy Head of the Finance and production department of the M23
POB: Rubaya, Masisi, North Kivu
Nationality: Congolese
Gender: male
Associated entities: March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC)
Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi is the Deputy Chief of Finances and Production of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC) operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), more specifically in the North Kivu province, since January 2024. The M23 is a rebel armed group responsible for the current armed conflict. It also sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the M23, including killings of and attacks and sexual violence against civilians, as well as child recruitment.
Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi provides support to the M23 armed group, in particular by ensuring the management of the M23 Finances and Production department, as well as taking part in the training of new recruits.
Owing to his leading position within the M23, Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.
17.3.2025 43. Francis KAMANZI
Function/rank: Chief Executive Officer of Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB)
Nationality: Rwandan
Gender: male
Francis Kamanzi holds a leading position as Chief Executive Officer of Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB) since February 2024. Minerals continue to be exploited in mining areas controlled by the March 23 Movement (M23) and trafficked to Rwanda for the benefit of both the Alliance Fleuve Congo/M23 and the Rwandan economy, where these conflict minerals are mixed with Rwandan production.
Owing to his leading position in the RMB, Francis Kamanzi is responsible for exploiting the armed conflict, instability or insecurity in the DRC, including through the illicit exploitation or trading of natural resources.
17.3.2025 44. Joseph MUSANGA BAHATI
a.k.a.
“Erasto”; “Bahati Erasto”; “Colonel Erasto”; “Colonel Bahati Musanga”
Function/rank: Governor of North-Kivu
DOB: 18.8.1978
POB: Bashali-Mokoto (Busumba)
Nationality: Congolese
Gender: male
Associated entities: March 23 Movement/Alliance Fleuve Congo (M23/AFC)
Joseph Bahati Musanga is a senior figure in the structure of the March 23 Movement (M23) rebel group and within the Alliance Fleuve Congo. He has held the position of Chief of Finance of the M23 for several years.
In January 2024, he was appointed governor of North Kivu within the new illegal “administration” imposed by the M23 in violation of Congolese sovereignty.
The deployment of a parallel administration in the DRC constitutes a violation of the territorial integrity of the DRC. It also sustains the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the region as well as the serious human rights abuses and violations committed by members of the M23. Owing to his leading position in the M23, Joseph Bahati Musanga is involved in planning, directing or committing acts that constitute serious human rights violations or abuses in the DRC. He is also responsible for sustaining the armed conflict, instability and insecurity in the DRC.
17.3.2025’;

(2) The following entity is added to Section B (‘Entities’):

Name
Identifying information
Reasons
Date of listing
‘2. Gasabo Gold Refinery
Place of establishment: Kigali, Rwanda
The Gasabo Gold Refinery, based in Kigali, began its refining activities on 1 June 2022 following the closure of Aldango Gold Refinery. The illegal extraction and trafficking of natural resources from eastern DRC, such as gold, contributes to the escalation of the conflict. The transit of gold through the only gold refinery in Rwanda, Gasabo Gold Refinery, contributes to the illicit export via Rwanda of illegally extracted gold. Hence, Gasabo Gold Refinery has been exploiting the armed conflict, instability or insecurity in the DRC, including through the illicit exploitation or trading of natural resources.
17.3.2025’.

Decision (EU) 2025/507 of the European Central Bank of 7 March 2025 on the total amount of annual supervisory fees for 2024 (ECB/2025/8)

January 13, 2026
Official Journalof the European Union ENL series
2025/507 27.3.2025
(1) In accordance with Article 12(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 of the European Central Bank (ECB/2014/41)(2), a fee notice is to be issued annually by the European Central Bank (ECB) to each fee debtor within six months after the start of the following fee period.
(2) Under Article 5(1) and (2) of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 (ECB/2014/41) the annual supervisory fees to be levied on the supervised entities are calculated on the basis of the annual costs of the ECB. The amount of the annual costs is determined on the basis of the amount of the annual expenditure consisting of any expenses incurred by the ECB in the relevant fee period that are directly or indirectly related to its supervisory tasks.
(3) In accordance with Article 8 of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 (ECB/2014/41), in order to calculate the annual supervisory fees payable in respect of significant supervised entities and significant supervised groups, and less significant supervised entities and less significant supervised groups, the annual costs should be split on the basis of the costs allocated to the relevant functions that perform the direct supervision of significant supervised entities and significant supervised groups and the indirect supervision of less significant supervised entities and less significant groups.
(4) In accordance with Article 5(3) of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 (ECB/2014/41), fee amounts related to previous fee periods that were not collectible, interest payments received in accordance with Article 14 and certain other amounts received or refunded in accordance with Article 7(3) of that Regulation, if any, should also be taken into account when determining the annual costs.
(5) In accordance with Article 5(4) of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 (ECB/2014/41), within four months after the end of each fee period, the total amount of the annual supervisory fees for each category of supervised entities and supervised groups for that fee period should be published on the ECB’s website,
(a) significant supervised entities and significant supervised groups: EUR 651 368 183;
(b) less significant supervised entities and less significant supervised groups: EUR 29 195 937.
(EUR)
Significant supervised entities and significant supervised groups Less significant supervised entities and less significant supervised groups Total
Actual annual costs for 2024 651 424 640 29 213 226 680 637 866
Amounts to be taken into account in accordance with Article 5(3) of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 (ECB/2014/41)
Fee amounts related to previous fee periods that were not collectible — — —
Interest payments received in accordance with Article 14 of the above Regulation -56 457 -21 826 -78 283
Amounts received or refunded in accordance with Article 7(3) of the above Regulation — 4 538 4 538
TOTAL 651 368 183 29 195 937 680 564 120
THE GOVERNING COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Regulation (EU) No 1024/2013 of 15 October 2013 conferring specific tasks on the European Central Bank concerning policies relating to the prudential supervision of credit institutions (1), and in particular Article 30 thereof,
Whereas:
(1) In accordance with Article 12(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 of the European Central Bank (ECB/2014/41) (2), a fee notice is to be issued annually by the European Central Bank (ECB) to each fee debtor within six months after the start of the following fee period.
(2) Under Article 5(1) and (2) of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 (ECB/2014/41) the annual supervisory fees to be levied on the supervised entities are calculated on the basis of the annual costs of the ECB. The amount of the annual costs is determined on the basis of the amount of the annual expenditure consisting of any expenses incurred by the ECB in the relevant fee period that are directly or indirectly related to its supervisory tasks.
(3) In accordance with Article 8 of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 (ECB/2014/41), in order to calculate the annual supervisory fees payable in respect of significant supervised entities and significant supervised groups, and less significant supervised entities and less significant supervised groups, the annual costs should be split on the basis of the costs allocated to the relevant functions that perform the direct supervision of significant supervised entities and significant supervised groups and the indirect supervision of less significant supervised entities and less significant groups.
(4) In accordance with Article 5(3) of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 (ECB/2014/41), fee amounts related to previous fee periods that were not collectible, interest payments received in accordance with Article 14 and certain other amounts received or refunded in accordance with Article 7(3) of that Regulation, if any, should also be taken into account when determining the annual costs.
(5) In accordance with Article 5(4) of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 (ECB/2014/41), within four months after the end of each fee period, the total amount of the annual supervisory fees for each category of supervised entities and supervised groups for that fee period should be published on the ECB’s website,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Definitions

For the purposes of this Decision, the definitions contained in Regulation (EU) No 468/2014 of the European Central Bank (ECB/2014/17) (3) and Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 (ECB/2014/41) shall apply.

Total amount of annual supervisory fees for 2024

1. The total amount of annual supervisory fees for 2024 shall be EUR 680 564 120, calculated as shown in the Annex.

2. Each category of supervised entities and supervised groups shall pay the following total amount of annual supervisory fees:
(a) significant supervised entities and significant supervised groups: EUR 651 368 183;
(b) less significant supervised entities and less significant supervised groups: EUR 29 195 937.

Entry into force

This Decision shall enter into force on the fifth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

Calculation of the total amount of annual supervisory fees for 2024

(EUR)

Significant supervised entities and significant supervised groups
Less significant supervised entities and less significant supervised groups
Total
Actual annual costs for 2024
651 424 640
29 213 226
680 637 866
Amounts to be taken into account in accordance with Article 5(3) of Regulation (EU) No 1163/2014 (ECB/2014/41)

Fee amounts related to previous fee periods that were not collectible
—
—
—
Interest payments received in accordance with Article 14 of the above Regulation
-56 457
-21 826
-78 283
Amounts received or refunded in accordance with Article 7(3) of the above Regulation
—
4 538
4 538
TOTAL
651 368 183
29 195 937
680 564 120

(Totals may not add up due to rounding.)

Political and Security Committee Decision (CFSP) 2025/508 of 12 March 2025 on the appointment of the Head of the EU Coordination Element in Naples for the European Union military operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH/39/2025)

January 13, 2026
Official Journalof the European Union ENL series
2025/508 14.3.2025
(1) Pursuant to Article 6(1) of Joint Action 2004/570/CFSP, the Council authorised the Political and Security Committee (PSC) to exercise the political control and strategic direction of the European Union military operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Operation ALTHEA), to take the relevant decisions in accordance with Article 25 of the Treaty, and to take decisions on the appointment of the EU Operation Commander and Force Commander for Operation ALTHEA.
(2) By Exchange of Letters between the Secretary-General/High Representative and the NATO Secretary-General on 28 September 2004 and on 8 October 2004, respectively, the North Atlantic Council agreed to make the Chief of Staff of the Joint Force Command Headquarters Naples available as Head of the EU Command Element (EUCE) in Naples.
(3) On 6 December 2023 the PSC approved the Operation Plan of Operation ALTHEA (REV 7), which states that if the EU Operation Commander is no longer in a position to discharge their duties, for illness or other reason, the Head of the EUCE will deputise for the EU Operation Commander until the PSC decides otherwise.
(4) On 4 February 2025, the EU Operation Commander of Operation ALTHEA recommended that Lieutenant General Rodolfo SGANGA, Chief of Staff of the Joint Force Command Headquarters Naples, be appointed as Head of the EU Coordination Element in Naples for Operation ALTHEA and that he substitute the EU Operation Commander when that person is no longer in a position to discharge their duties.
(5) On 7 February 2025, the EU Military Committee endorsed that recommendation.
(6) On 12 and 13 December 2002, the Copenhagen European Council adopted a declaration stating that the ‘Berlin plus’ arrangements and the implementation thereof will apply only to those Member States of the Union which are also either NATO members or parties to the ‘Partnership for Peace’, and which have consequently concluded bilateral security agreements with NATO,
THE POLITICAL AND SECURITY COMMITTEE,
Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in particular Article 38 thereof,
Having regard to Council Joint Action 2004/570/CFSP of 12 July 2004 on the European Union military operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1), and in particular Article 6(1) thereof,
Whereas:
(1) Pursuant to Article 6(1) of Joint Action 2004/570/CFSP, the Council authorised the Political and Security Committee (PSC) to exercise the political control and strategic direction of the European Union military operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Operation ALTHEA), to take the relevant decisions in accordance with Article 25 of the Treaty, and to take decisions on the appointment of the EU Operation Commander and Force Commander for Operation ALTHEA.
(2) By Exchange of Letters between the Secretary-General/High Representative and the NATO Secretary-General on 28 September 2004 and on 8 October 2004, respectively, the North Atlantic Council agreed to make the Chief of Staff of the Joint Force Command Headquarters Naples available as Head of the EU Command Element (EUCE) in Naples.
(3) On 6 December 2023 the PSC approved the Operation Plan of Operation ALTHEA (REV 7), which states that if the EU Operation Commander is no longer in a position to discharge their duties, for illness or other reason, the Head of the EUCE will deputise for the EU Operation Commander until the PSC decides otherwise.
(4) On 4 February 2025, the EU Operation Commander of Operation ALTHEA recommended that Lieutenant General Rodolfo SGANGA, Chief of Staff of the Joint Force Command Headquarters Naples, be appointed as Head of the EU Coordination Element in Naples for Operation ALTHEA and that he substitute the EU Operation Commander when that person is no longer in a position to discharge their duties.
(5) On 7 February 2025, the EU Military Committee endorsed that recommendation.
(6) On 12 and 13 December 2002, the Copenhagen European Council adopted a declaration stating that the ‘Berlin plus’ arrangements and the implementation thereof will apply only to those Member States of the Union which are also either NATO members or parties to the ‘Partnership for Peace’, and which have consequently concluded bilateral security agreements with NATO,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Lieutenant General Rodolfo SGANGA is hereby appointed Head of the EU Coordination Element in Naples for the European Union military operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Operation ALTHEA).
1. If the Operation Commander of Operation ALTHEA is no longer in a position to discharge their duties, the Head of the EU Coordination Element in Naples shall assume the command ad interim of Operation ALTHEA. In such an event, the chief of staff of the EU Staff Group of Operation ALTHEA shall inform the Political and Security Committee (PSC) in writing.

2. The command ad interim shall start immediately upon receipt of this information by the Chair of the PSC.

3. The command ad interim shall cease when the PSC adopts a new decision on the Operation Commander of Operation ALTHEA.

This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its adoption.

Council Decision (EU) 2025/504 of 11 March 2025 amending Protocol No 5 on the Statute of the European Investment Bank

January 13, 2026
Official Journalof the European Union ENL series
2025/504 14.3.2025
(1) The European Investment Bank (EIB) was subject to the 2022 review of multilateral development banks’ capital adequacy frameworks commissioned by the G20 (the ‘CAF review’). One of the recommendations of the CAF review was that multilateral development banks remove statutory lending limits from their statutes.
(2) The CAF review recommendation on removing fixed lending limits from the statutes of multilateral development banks was made with the intention of giving their respective governing bodies full authority over risk management metrics and leverage metrics.
(3) In response to that recommendation, other multilateral development banks are taking action to amend their statutes in respect of statutory lending limits.
(4) Article 16(5) of the Statute of the EIB establishes a limit on the total signed debt operations (the ‘gearing ratio’), a limit on disbursed equity operations and a specific allocation of reserve for special activities.
(5) As outlined in the EIB Group’s 2024–2027 Strategic Roadmap (the ‘Strategic Roadmap’), there is a unanimous call for the EIB Group to play an even more important role in closing Europe’s investment gap, to strengthen Europe’s productivity, social and territorial cohesion, climate action, peace, security and open strategic autonomy, to respond to global challenges and to reinforce its voice in the new geopolitical context.
(6) The Strategic Roadmap is intended to respond to that call by enabling the EIB Group to deploy its capital in an efficient manner, while safeguarding its financial strength and maintaining adequate capital buffers.
(7) It is expected that the EIB Group’s activities under the Strategic Roadmap would be severely constrained by the gearing ratio, which limits the size of the EIB Group’s overall nominal exposure to 250 %. The gearing ratio takes into account neither the quality of the EIB Group’s portfolio nor credit enhancements such as guarantees from the Union budget, and represents a particular constraint for equity investments, such as those under the European Investment Fund.
(8) On 21 June 2024, the Board of Governors of the EIB unanimously decided to increase the gearing ratio to 290 %, in order to enable the EIB Group to build on its strong capital position, robust risk management and governance framework, to deploy its full potential in support of Union priorities and to close the investment gap. That increase is subject to the entry into force of this Council Decision.
(9) The establishment of consensus amongst the shareholders of the EIB is desirable prior to any adjustments to the gearing ratio. The requirement of a unanimous approval of the gearing ratio by the Board of Governors is thereby justified.
(10) The Statute of the EIB should therefore be amended accordingly,
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 308 thereof,
Having regard to the request of the European Investment Bank,
After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (1),
Having regard to the opinion of the European Commission (2),
Acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure,
Whereas:
(1) The European Investment Bank (EIB) was subject to the 2022 review of multilateral development banks’ capital adequacy frameworks commissioned by the G20 (the ‘CAF review’). One of the recommendations of the CAF review was that multilateral development banks remove statutory lending limits from their statutes.
(2) The CAF review recommendation on removing fixed lending limits from the statutes of multilateral development banks was made with the intention of giving their respective governing bodies full authority over risk management metrics and leverage metrics.
(3) In response to that recommendation, other multilateral development banks are taking action to amend their statutes in respect of statutory lending limits.
(4) Article 16(5) of the Statute of the EIB establishes a limit on the total signed debt operations (the ‘gearing ratio’), a limit on disbursed equity operations and a specific allocation of reserve for special activities.
(5) As outlined in the EIB Group’s 2024–2027 Strategic Roadmap (the ‘Strategic Roadmap’), there is a unanimous call for the EIB Group to play an even more important role in closing Europe’s investment gap, to strengthen Europe’s productivity, social and territorial cohesion, climate action, peace, security and open strategic autonomy, to respond to global challenges and to reinforce its voice in the new geopolitical context.
(6) The Strategic Roadmap is intended to respond to that call by enabling the EIB Group to deploy its capital in an efficient manner, while safeguarding its financial strength and maintaining adequate capital buffers.
(7) It is expected that the EIB Group’s activities under the Strategic Roadmap would be severely constrained by the gearing ratio, which limits the size of the EIB Group’s overall nominal exposure to 250 %. The gearing ratio takes into account neither the quality of the EIB Group’s portfolio nor credit enhancements such as guarantees from the Union budget, and represents a particular constraint for equity investments, such as those under the European Investment Fund.
(8) On 21 June 2024, the Board of Governors of the EIB unanimously decided to increase the gearing ratio to 290 %, in order to enable the EIB Group to build on its strong capital position, robust risk management and governance framework, to deploy its full potential in support of Union priorities and to close the investment gap. That increase is subject to the entry into force of this Council Decision.
(9) The establishment of consensus amongst the shareholders of the EIB is desirable prior to any adjustments to the gearing ratio. The requirement of a unanimous approval of the gearing ratio by the Board of Governors is thereby justified.
(10) The Statute of the EIB should therefore be amended accordingly,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
In Article 16(5) of Protocol No 5 on the Statute of the European Investment Bank, annexed to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the first subparagraph is replaced by the following:

‘The aggregate amount outstanding at any time of loans and guarantees granted by the Bank shall not exceed a maximum ratio in respect of its subscribed capital, reserves, non-allocated provisions and profit and loss account surplus to be established by the Board of Governors acting unanimously. The latter aggregate amount shall be reduced by an amount equal to the amount subscribed (whether or not paid in) for any equity participation of the Bank.’.

This Decision shall enter into force on the day after its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.